Epilepsy in vitro disease models provide a controlled environment to study seizure mechanisms, neuronal hyperexcitability, and drug responses. These models utilize primary neural cell cultures, human iPSC-derived neurons, acute brain slices, and organotypic slice cultures to replicate epileptic activity and test therapeutic strategies. Techniques such as patch clamp assays, multi-electrode array (MEA) recordings, and calcium imaging enable researchers to explore biomarkers, synaptic dysfunction, and antiepileptic drug efficacy. Advancing epilepsy in vitro models enhances precision medicine, supporting innovative treatment development.