CD is an immune-mediated disorder initiated by the ingestion of gluten in genetically predisposed individuals. CD occurs in genetically predisposed individuals who develop an immune response to gluten. This disease is caused by an inappropriate immune response to wheat gluten, barley, and rye. This autoimmune disorder affects the small bowel and often produces symptoms of diarrhea, malabsorption, and extraintestinal symptoms. To date, the only therapy for CD is the mandatory and complete exclusion of dietary sources of grains and any food containing gluten, which is termed as a gluten-free diet (GFD). As novel therapies are being developed, complementary strategies are also being studied, such as modulation of the gut microbiome using probiotics. Learn more: probiotics and celiac disease